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What 德 means in a Chinese namedé

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德dé · A
tier A

得之于心、行之于外的东西;品德、恩德。

What a person has taken into themselves and shows in action — character, and also the good one has received.

3 处原典 · 3 部典籍 · 全部可核

德不孤 Character gathers people

德不孤,必有邻。

Virtue is never alone; it is bound to have neighbours.

论语 · 里仁篇 · our translation
Six characters, one of the shortest claims in the Analects: what is good does not stay by itself — it attracts. 六个字,是《论语》里最短的判断之一:好东西不会自己待着,会把人聚过来。
润身 What actually improves you

富润屋,德润身,心广体胖。

Wealth adorns the house; virtue adorns the person — the heart broadens and the body is at ease.

大学 · 大学 · our translation
润 is a soaking-through kind of enrichment. Money decorates the house; 德 changes the person. That is the difference between 德 and talent. 「润」是渗进去的那种润:钱装点房子,德装点人本身。这是「德」和「才」最大的区别。
大德得其寿 The long consequence

故大德必得其位,必得其禄,必得其名,必得其寿。

Thus great virtue is sure to win its place, its reward, its name, and its length of years.

中庸 · 中庸 · our translation
The Book of Rites puts longevity last: position, reward and name are the course, long years the outcome. 《中庸》把「寿」放在最后,是说前三个是过程,寿是结果——德厚的人走得久。名字用「德」,这一层是老派的祝福。
厚德明德德音德明德厚德远德音
In a name

The part of a person that cannot be taken away from them.

「德」是一个人身上别人拿不走的那部分。